Why people look for an Adobe-free option
Acrobat Pro costs $239.88/year and pushes you into Creative Cloud signup, account verification and a desktop install. For a one-off edit — fix a typo, add a sentence, redact a name — it's overkill, expensive and slow.
Adobe's free Reader cannot edit content. It only fills forms and adds basic comments. To actually change text or add new content for free you need a different tool.
Option 1: PDFWix Edit PDF (any browser)
Open Edit PDF, drop your file, click anywhere to add text, drag to add an image, or use the redact tool to permanently black out content. Save the result — the download is automatically flattened so the edits can't be undone by the recipient.
Pros: works in every browser including Chromebook and iPad, no install, no signup, file stays in your browser. Cons: limited to text overlays, images and redactions — not full reflowing of existing paragraphs (no PDF tool does true paragraph reflow without OCR + rebuild).
Option 2: Mac Preview (built-in)
Apple's Preview can add text boxes, draw shapes, sign documents and rearrange pages free out of the box. Open the PDF, click the markup toolbar, and edit. For Mac users this is the fastest 'no Adobe' option for light edits.
Limitation: Preview can't edit existing text — only overlay new text on top. For deeper edits, combine Preview with PDFWix.
Option 3: Microsoft Word (PDF reflow)
Word 2016+ can open a PDF and convert it to an editable Word document on the fly. Edit the text in Word, then File → Save As → PDF.
Best when the PDF is mostly text and you need to substantially rewrite paragraphs. Worst when the PDF has complex layout (multi-column, embedded images) — Word's reflow can scramble columns and break tables.
Option 4: LibreOffice Draw (free, desktop)
LibreOffice Draw opens PDFs as native vector documents. You can move text frames, edit text inline, replace images and re-export. It's the closest free alternative to full Acrobat editing for desktop users.
Caveat: a 100MB+ download for a one-off edit is overkill. Stick with PDFWix in the browser unless you're going to be editing PDFs regularly.
Honest comparison
Light edits (add text, redact, sign): PDFWix or Preview. Heavy edits (rewrite paragraphs, restructure): Word or LibreOffice. Form filling only: PDFWix Fill PDF Form. None of these require Adobe at any step.